Sir William Phips arrived in 1692 bearing the charter and formally took charge of the new province. This new province combined the Massachusetts Bay territories with those of the Plymouth Colony and proprietary holdings on Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard. The Dominion collapsed after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 deposed James, and the Massachusetts Bay Colony reverted to rule under its revoked charter until 1691, when a new charter was issued for the Province of Massachusetts Bay. King James II established the Dominion of New England in 1686 to bring all of the New England colonies under firmer crown control. Political differences with England after the English Restoration led to the revocation of the colonial charter in 1684. The Hull Mint produced oak tree, willow tree, and pine tree shillings. A shortage of currency prompted the colony to call on the respected John Hull to establish a mint and serve as mintmaster and treasurer in 1652. In addition to barter, transactions were done in English pounds, Spanish "pieces of eight", and wampum in the 1640s. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was economically successful, trading with England, Mexico and the West Indies. After that, most of the Indians in southern New England made peace treaties with the colonists or were sold into slavery after King Philips's War (apart from the Pequot tribe, whose survivors were largely absorbed into the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes following the Pequot War). The colonists had good relationships with the local Indians, however they did join their neighbor colonies in the Pequot War (1636–38) and King Philip's War (1675–78).
As a consequence, the colonial leadership showed little tolerance for other religious views, including Anglican, Quaker, and Baptist theologies. It was the first slave-holding colony in New England, and its governors were elected by an electorate limited to freemen who had been formally admitted to the local church.
The population was strongly Puritan and was governed largely by a small group of leaders strongly influenced by Puritan teachings. It was successful, with about 20,000 people migrating to New England in the 1630s. The colony began in 1628 and was the company's second attempt at colonization. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded by the owners of the Massachusetts Bay Company, including investors in the failed Dorchester Company, which had established a short-lived settlement on Cape Ann in 1623. The territory nominally administered by the Massachusetts Bay Colony covered much of central New England, including portions of Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, and Connecticut. The lands of the settlement were in southern New England, with initial settlements on two natural harbors and surrounding land about 15.4 miles (24.8 km) apart-the areas around Salem and Boston, north of the previously established Plymouth Colony. The Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630–1691), more formally the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, was an English settlement on the east coast of North America around the Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost of the several colonies later reorganized as the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
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